// These examples demonstrate more intricate uses of the flag package. package main
import ( "errors" "flag" "fmt" "strings" "time" )
// Example 1: A single string flag called "species" with default value "gopher". // 示例1:一个名为“species”的字符串flag,默认值为“gopher”。 var species = flag.String("species", "gopher", "the species we are studying")
// Example 2: Two flags sharing a variable, so we can have a shorthand. // The order of initialization is undefined, so make sure both use the // same default value. They must be set up with an init function. // 示例2:两个flags共享一个变量,所以我们可以用简写。 // 初始化的顺序是未定义的,所以确保两者都使用相同的默认值。 它们必须用init函数来设置。 var gopherType string
// Example 3: A user-defined flag type, a slice of durations. type interval []time.Duration
// String is the method to format the flag's value, part of the flag.Value interface. // The String method's output will be used in diagnostics. func (i *interval) String() string { return fmt.Sprint(*i) }
// Set is the method to set the flag value, part of the flag.Value interface. // Set's argument is a string to be parsed to set the flag. // It's a comma-separated list, so we split it. func (i *interval) Set(value string) error { // If we wanted to allow the flag to be set multiple times, // accumulating values, we would delete this if statement. // That would permit usages such as // -deltaT 10s -deltaT 15s // and other combinations. if len(*i) > 0 { return errors.New("interval flag already set") } for _, dt := range strings.Split(value, ",") { duration, err := time.ParseDuration(dt) if err != nil { return err } *i = append(*i, duration) } return nil }
// Define a flag to accumulate durations. Because it has a special type, // we need to use the Var function and therefore create the flag during // init.
var intervalFlag interval
func init() { // Tie the command-line flag to the intervalFlag variable and // set a usage message. flag.Var(&intervalFlag, "deltaT", "comma-separated list of intervals to use between events") }
func main() { // All the interesting pieces are with the variables declared above, but // to enable the flag package to see the flags defined there, one must // execute, typically at the start of main (not init!): // flag.Parse() // We don't run it here because this is not a main function and // the testing suite has already parsed the flags. }